Linux 디렉토리 구조

 

경로	설명 (간략)	설명 (상)
/	The Root Directory	everything on your Linux system is located under the / directory
/bin	Essential User Binaries	- The /bin directory contains the essential user binaries (programs) that must be present when the system is mounted in single-user mode - Applications such as Firefox are stored in /usr/bin, while important system programs and utilities such as the bash shell are located in /bin - The /usr directory may be stored on another partition -- placing these files in the /bin directory ensures the system will have these important utilities even if no other file systems are mounted - The /sbin directory is similar -- it contains essential system administration binaries
/boot	Static Boot Files	- contains the files needed to boot the system - 예) the GRUB boot loader's files and your Linux kernels are stored here. The boot loader's configuration files aren't located here, though -- they're in /etc with the other configuration files
/cdrom	Historical Mount Point for CD-ROMs	- not part of the FHS standard, but can still be found on Ubuntu and other operating systems - a temporary location for CD-ROMs inserted in the system - 주의) the standard location for temporary media is inside the /media directory
/dev	Device Files	- Linux exposes devices as files, and the /dev directory contains a number of special files that represent devices. These are not actual files as we know them, but they appear as files - 예) /dev/sda represents the first SATA drive in the system. If you wanted to partition it, you could start a partition editor and tell it to edit /dev/sda. - also contains pseudo-devices (i.e., virtual devices that don't actually correspond to hardware) - 예) /dev/random produces random numbers - 예) /dev/null is a special device that produces no output and automatically discards all input -- when you pipe the output of a command to /dev/null, you discard it
/etc	Configuration Files	- contains 구성 파일들 (configuration files, which can generally be edited by hand in a text editor) - 주의) contains system-wide configuration files -- user-specific configuration files are located in each user's home directory
/home	Home Folders	- contains 각 사용자의 home 폴더들 (home folder for each user) - 예) if your user name is bob, you have a home folder located at /home/bob. This home folder contains the user's data files and user-specific configuration files. - 주의) Each user only has write access to their own home folder and must obtain elevated permissions (become the root user) to modify other files on the system
/lib	Essential Shared Libraries	- contains libraries needed by the essential binaries in the /bin and /sbin folder - Libraries needed by the binaries in the /usr/bin folder are located in /usr/lib
/lost+found	Recovered Files	- if the file system crashes, a file system check will be performed at next boot - Any corrupted files found will be placed in the lost+found directory, so you can attempt to recover as much data as possible
/media	Removable Mdeia	- contains subdirectories where removable media devices inserted into the computer are mounted - 예) when you insert a CD into your Linux system, a directory will automatically be created inside the /media directory. You can access the contents of the CD inside this directory
/mnt	Temporary Mount Points	- historically speaking, the /mnt directory is where system administrators mounted temporary file systems while using them - 예) if you're mounting a Windows partition to perform some file recovery operations, you might mount it at /mnt/windows. However, you can mount other file systems anywhere on the system
/opt	Optional Packages	- contains 부수적인/선택적인 소프트웨어 패키지들의 부디렉토리들 (subdirectories for optional software packages) - commonly used by proprietary software that doesn't obey the standard file system hierarchy - 예) a proprietary program might dump its files in /opt/application when you install it
/proc	Kernel & Process Files	- similar to the /dev directory b/c it doesn't contain standard files - contains special files that represent system and process info
/root	Root Home Directory	- the home directory of the root user - Instead of being located at /home/root, it's located at /root - distinct from / (i.e., the system root directory)
/run	System Administration Binaries	- fairly new directory - stores transient files they require like sockets and process IDs (these files can't be stored in /tmp b/c files in /tmp may be deleted)
/sbin	System Administration Binaries	- similar to the /bin directory - contains essential binaries that are generally intended to be run by the root user for system administration
/selinux	SELinux Virtual File System	- If your Linux distribution uses SELinux for security (Fedora and Red Hat, for example), the /selinux contains special files used by SELinux - similar to /proc - Ubuntu doesn't use SELinux, so the presence of this folder on Ubuntu appears to be a bug
/srv	Service Data	- contains "data for services provided by the system" - If you were using the Apache HTTP server to serve a website, you'd likely store your website's files in a directory inside the /srv
/tmp	Temporary Files	- Applications store temporary files in the /tmp (these files are generally deleted whenever your system is restarted and may be deleted at any time by utilities such as tmpwatch)
/usr	User Binaries & Read-Only Data	- contains applications and files used by users, as opposed to applications and files used by the system - 예) non-essential applications are located inside /usr/bin instead of /bin - 예) non-essential system administration binaries are located in /usr/sbin instead of /sbin - 예) Libraries for each are located inside /usr/lib - 예) architecture-independent files like graphics are located in /usr/share - 예) /usr/local directory is where locally compiled applications install to by default -- this prevents them from mucking up the rest of the system
/var	Variable Data Files	- the writable counterpart to /usr, which must be read-only in normal operation - Log files and everything else that would normally be written to /usr during normal operation are written to /var - 예) log files are in /var/log

 

참조 

1. https://www.howtogeek.com/117435/htg-explains-the-linux-directory-structure-explained/ 
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